图源:摄图网
但床垫并非越贵越好!
广州医科大学附属第五医院脊柱外科吕浩然教授表示, 现在没有任何数据(无论是国内还是国外)表明床垫越贵,对睡眠越有帮助;同时,号称有负离子、红外线功能的床垫大都是厂家的噱头,为了实现商业溢价。床垫工艺属于一种低端制造,成本不会很高,技术也没有太大的差异,通常一两千块钱的床垫完全可以满足日常使用要求。
图片
具备什么样的条件才是好床垫?
首先,看睡在床垫上的时候翻身是否自由。正常来讲,我们晚上睡觉是每2至3小时翻一次身。如果翻身或者躺着睡觉的时候,感觉床垫睡得让自己有点痛或不舒服就代表床垫不合适自己。
第二,要看下床的时候是否很轻松。如果老年人与孕妇的床很软,下床就会比较困难,甚至容易摔倒。
最后也是最重要的,就是睡醒后的精神状态。如果睡醒精神不振甚至腰酸背痛,那么床垫可能就不适合自己;醒来后感觉满血复活、精神饱满,那么床垫就与自己的契合度比较高。
选床垫首先要看承托力、耐用性和舒适度三个关键因素。
承托力。好床垫的关键是正确承托。正确承托是指床垫能够顺应人体身形曲线,根据不同部位在水平状态下的重力情况,提供不同的承托力,达到均衡承托的效果。一张好床垫,在结构上应依人体各部位重量分布及脊椎正常曲线来设计,人体头部占总体重的8%,胸部占33%,腰部占44%。
耐用性。这主要取决于床垫表层选用的材质、床垫内部和四边及底座的保护结构。现在市面上很多床垫都宣称有10年、30年甚至50年的质量保证。实际上,从床垫的牢固度和磨损程度来看,10~15年的使用寿命已经近乎极限。
舒适度。床垫过硬过软都不好,过硬会使部分身体悬空,肌肉紧张,容易导致肌肉损伤;过软使得身体下线,脊椎处于非正常状态,容易引发脊椎变形。
正确的方法是平躺在床垫上,手向颈部、腰部和臀下到大腿之间这三处明显弯曲的地方往里平伸,看有没有空隙;再向一侧翻个身,用同样的方法试试有无空隙。若手掌紧贴缝隙,证明床垫与颈、背、腰、臀和腿的自然曲线贴切吻合。这样睡起来比较舒适。
选床垫除了承托力、耐用性和舒适度三个因素之外,还需要考虑自身年龄和睡姿情况等。
根据年龄选床垫。老年人肌肉和韧带弹性有所下降,可选购硬度稍高的床垫,太软的床支撑不了脊柱,且难起身。婴幼儿的床垫建议选择牢固而富有弹性的中软度床垫。同时保证表面软硬均匀、无刺痒感,拉链位于床垫侧面,并关注其安全性能,避免啃咬。
根据睡姿选床垫。经常侧卧的人,建议选分区床垫。这种床垫根据头、颈、肩、腰、椎尾等不同受力区域,形成不同的下陷程度。经常仰卧、俯卧睡觉的人,应选择稍硬些的床垫。因为仰卧、俯卧时,颈部和腰部需要坚硬床垫支持,才能达到舒适的状态。
最后的最后,床垫使用小tips:
1.新床垫要拆掉保护膜才可使用。
2.别在床垫上蹦跳。
3.定期(建议半年)将床垫前后调换。
4.不要把床单绷得过紧,以免将床垫的通气孔堵死,造成床垫内空气无法流通,滋生病菌。
END
来源:科普中国、生命时报、江苏疾控、深圳五洲中医院
整理:刘雪洁
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)